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Rising STEMs

Demand is increasing for science, technology, engineering and maths (STEM) skills.

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Adult skills and VET: further findings from the OECD Survey of Adult Skills

Adults with upper-secondary VET qualifications generally have lower levels of literacy and numeracy proficiency than people with general upper-secondary education, according to the OECD Survey of A

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Keeping young people in education longer: steady progress in Europe in 2013

Data on early school leaving and rates of young people not in employment education or training illustrate the difficulties young people face in today’s world, as well as the economic and soci

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#ESJsurvey INSIGHTS No 1 - Skill shortages in the EU

Cedefop research shows that genuine skill shortages are only present in specific sectors and occupations and affect dynamic enterprises, while many firms face recruitment difficulties due to job of

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#ESJsurvey INSIGHTS No 2 - Safeguarding education investments: Mitigating...

When Marty McFly returned back to the future…the clock rolled uncontrollably and eventually came to a halt – the date shown was 21 October 2015.

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#ESJsurvey INSIGHTS No 3 - Skills utilisation = skills formation

Cedefop research shows that in 2014 about 39% of EU employees believed that their skills were not being fully used by their jobs and 27% also did not have potential to further grow their skills in

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#ESJsurvey INSIGHTS No 4 - Skills development thrives in organisations...

Cedefop expert Giovanni Russo notes that ‘workers bring to the job knowledge, skills and competence and their personal attitudes to learning.

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#ESJsurvey INSIGHTS No 5 - A 'New skills agenda for Europe': What are the key...

Cedefop’s European skills and jobs survey (ESJ survey) highlights the complex challenges facing European skill systems.

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#ESJsurvey INSIGHTS No 6 - Tools for a new #EUSkillsAgenda: a tale of synergy...

Cedefop’s European skills and jobs survey (ESJ survey) shows that by facilitating transparency of qualifications and skills as well as providing better skills intelligence, EU education, trai

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#ESJsurvey INSIGHTS No 7 - EU workforce: overeducated yet underskilled?

Cedefop’s European skills and jobs survey (ESJ survey) data show that one in five young Europeans are employed in jobs that require a lower level of qualifications than the one possessed (the

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#ESJsurvey INSIGHTS No 8 - Rise of the machines

Technological skills obsolescence in the EUCedefop’s European skills and jobs (ESJ) survey reveals that 43% of EU employees experienced a recent change in the technologies they use at work.

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01. How many students participate in IVET?

Indicator 1010: IVET students as a percentage of all upper secondary studentsCedefop skills forecasts confirm that upper secondary qualifications will remain in high demand in the labour market and a...

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02. How many students participate in work-based IVET?

Indicator 1020: students in work-based upper secondary IVETWork-based learning can provide a bridge to the labour market. It can aid transition from education to work and contribute to the development...

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03. How many IVET students have direct access to tertiary education?

Indicator 1025: IVET students with direct access to tertiary educationEducation programmes in upper secondary VET are diverse. One of the elements of diversity is whether, upon completion, they allow...

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04. How many employees participate in CVT courses?

Indicator 1030: employees participating in CVT coursesCVET, and particularly employer-provided CVET, is a key component of adult learning.

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05. How many employees participate in on-the-job training?

Indicator 1040: employees participating in on-the-job trainingWork-based learning is important not only in IVET, but also in CVET.

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06. How many adults participate in education and training?

Indicator 1050: adults in education and training (lifelong learning indicator)Raising adult participation in lifelong learning is one key objective of the EU education and training 2020 strategy.

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07. How many enterprises provide training to workers?

Indicator 1060: enterprises providing trainingFor many individuals access to VET, especially continuing VET, will be via their employer.

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08. Are female students less likely to participate in IVET?

Indicator 1070: female IVET students as a share of all female upper secondary studentsOf particular interest is the extent to which different groups are more or less likely to participate in VET.

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09. How many employees of small firms participate in CVT courses?

Indicator 1075: employees of small firms participating in CVT coursesContinuing vocational education and training, and particularly employer-provided CVET, is a key component of adult learning.

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10. How many VET graduates continue in further education and training?

Indicator 1080: participation of VET graduates (18-24 year-olds) in further education and trainingFor VET to be an attractive learning option, young VET graduates should experience smooth transitions...

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11. Are older people sufficiently engaged in education and training?

Indicator 1090: older adults in lifelong learningGiven current demographic trends and the ageing of the workforce it is likely that older people will increasingly need to broaden and update their...

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12. Have low-educated adults fewer opportunities to participate in education...

Indicator 1100: low-educated adults in lifelong learningAdult learning should be inclusive and it is particularly important for those adults who only have low levels of formal educational attainment.

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13. Do unemployed adults participate in education and training?

Indicator 1110: unemployed adults in lifelong learningParticipation in education and training is particularly important to maintain or increase the employability of jobless adults.

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14. How many adults did not participate in lifelong learning, even if...

Indicator 1120: individuals who wanted to participate in training, but did notAdult learning policies should aim to remove barriers to participation in continuing education and training.

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15. How big is the share of job-related learning in adults' non-formal...

Indicator 1130: job-related non-formal education and trainingCVET can meet a part of the increased need for lifelong learning.

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16. How big is the investment in IVET?

Indicator 2010: IVET public expenditure (% of GDP)Public expenditure on initial vocational education and training (IVET) provides an indication of the scale of investments in IVET made by the State.

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17. How much is spent per IVET student?

Indicator 2025: IVET public expenditure per student (1000 PPS units)Public expenditure on initial vocational education and training (IVET) provides an indication of the scale of investments in IVET...

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18. How much do enterprises invest in continuing vocational training?

Indicator 2030: enterprise expenditure on CVT courses as share of total labour costA key aim of EU policy is for governments, individuals, and employers to invest in skill development to strengthen...

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19. How many foreign languages are IVET students learning?

Indicator 2040: average number of foreign languages learned in IVET in upper secondary educationKnowledge of foreign languages enables individuals to move freely and successfully between education...

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20. How many IVET students graduate in STEM subjects?

Indicator 2050: STEM graduates from upper secondary IVETIVET can support technological innovation by providing relevant skills.

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21. How many young people obtain a VET qualification at tertiary level?

Indicator 2065: short cycle VET graduates as a percentage of first time tertiary education graduatesA key EU policy aim is to have a highly skilled and qualified population and labour force.

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22. How many enterprises use training to support technological innovation?

Indicator 2070: innovative enterprises with supportive training practicesEducation and training is an important policy lever for achieving the Europe 2020 objectives.

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23. How many young IVET graduates are in employment?

Indicator 2080: employment rate for 20-34 year-old IVET graduatesPositive returns from IVET are of crucial importance.

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24. Are young IVET graduates more likely to be in employment than those from...

Indicator 2090: employment premium for IVET graduates (over general stream)To contextualise the labour market outcomes of IVET graduates better, the following indicator compares their employment rate...

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25. Are young IVET graduates more likely to be in employment than those with...

Indicator 2100: employment premium for IVET graduates (over low-educated)To consider the benefit of IVET further, the indicator here compares the employment rates of VET graduates (20

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26. Does training help people do their jobs better?

Indicator 2110: workers helped to improve their work by trainingA key aim of EU policy is for governments, individuals, and employers to invest in skill development to strengthen social inclusion, and...

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27. To what extent do workers have skills matched to do their jobs?

Indicator 2120: workers with skills matched to their dutiesOf central importance to EU policy is to develop and upgrade skills matched to labour demand and anticipate future skill needs.

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28. How many young people leave education and training too early?

Indicator 3010: early leavers from education and trainingReducing the EU average share of early leavers from education and training to below 10% of young people (18-24 year-olds) is one of the specific...

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29. How many young people have a tertiary level qualification?

Indicator 3020: 30-34 year-olds with tertiary attainmentIncreasing the share of 30-34 year-olds with tertiary level education attainment is one of the specific objectives of the Europe 2020 strategy.

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30. How many young are not in employment, education or training?

Indicator 3030: NEET rate for 18-24 year-oldsEU policy considers that after finishing secondary school, young people should either obtain a job or enter further education and training: if not, they...

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31. How likely are young people to be unemployed?

Indicator 3040: unemployment rate for 20-34 year-oldsAn important EU policy today is bringing about successful transition between school and work for young people.

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32. How many recent graduates are employed?

Indicator 3045: Employment rate of recent graduatesBy 2020 the share of employed graduates (20 to 34 year-olds) having left education and training no more than three years before the reference year...

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33. How many adults have a low level of education?

Indicator 3050: adults with lower level education attainmentEducation attainment, measured by qualifications obtained, is an important factor determining, amongst other things, both the chances of...

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34. How many adults are employed?

Indicator 3060: employment rate for 20-64 year-oldsVET can equip people with labour market relevant skills.

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35. How many low-educated adults are employed?

Indicator 3065: employment rate for 20-64 year-olds with lower level of education attainmentLow education attainment tends to diminish a person’s chances of being in employment.

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36. How many jobs will be taken by those with medium/high-level qualifications?

Indicator 3070: projected employment of those with medium/high-level qualifications (as a percentage of total employment)To make informed judgments about where to make investments in their education...

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#ESJsurvey INSIGHTS No 9 - The great divide

Digitalisation and digital skill gaps in the EU workforceCedefop’s European skills and jobs (ESJ) survey reveals that more than 7 in 10 adult employees in the EU need at least some fundamental ICT...

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Impact of COVID-19 on the use of Europass

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Coronavirus causes surge in interest in new learning arrangements

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